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DUGWAY — A small capsule landed just before 3 p.m. in Utah's west desert near Wendover on Wednesday, bringing with it important data collected in space by a California-based company.
The crew dispatched helicopters when Air Force officials at the Utah Test and Training Range gave the go-ahead, locating the small pod with radar on the ground and a GPS mounted within the spacecraft. Around 5:30 p.m., the helicopters towed the vehicle into the hangar at the Wendover Historic Airfield, where crews will secure it for transport back to Los Angeles.
Varda Space Industries was approved for the nation's first-ever Part 450 reentry license from the Federal Aviation Administration last week, a process that is intended to streamline commercial space activity.
Delian Asparouhov, co-founder of Varda Space Industries, went to West High School in Salt Lake City and is excited to bring this first landing to a place where he still has family ties.
"It felt like it was the perfect place to land and, obviously, it was great for me to have this hometown connection to our landing spot," he said.
Varda's W-Series 1 capsule was taken into orbit by a SpaceX Transporter-8 ride-share mission in June 2023 to test the production of chemical compounds in microgravity. The lack of gravity allows Varda to formulate compounds that traditional manufacturing processes cannot, with applications for pharmaceuticals and materials like fiber optics.
"Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces of physics," Asparouhov explained, "and removing it from a chemical system really changes how that system operates."
He compares the difference to a candle lit on the ground versus in space. With gravity, you can feel the hot air rising above the flame, but in space the effect is different, radiating from the candle wick.
"In zero gravity, things are very calm and stable, in terms of how they move even when you're heating them up," he said. "Being able to make more precise chemicals is very valuable."
The Part 450 rule for reentry licensing was issued in September 2020 as part of the FAA's efforts to streamline and increase flexibility in commercial space launches and reentry regulations.
The company was hoping to land the pod within the first few months after launch, according to Asparouhov, but "unexpected" barriers to licensing arose. The FAA granted the reentry approval on Feb. 14.
"Ultimately, I think it just comes down to the fact that this really was the first time in U.S. history that this type of operation was being conducted by a commercial company," Asparouhov said.
Landing
When given the green light Wednesday, the company's small pod descended toward an elliptical landing site 320,000 acres at the Utah Test and Training Range and neighboring Dugway Proving Ground west of Salt Lake City.
The site had special requirements, according to the FAA. It must accommodate a 500-square-mile landing area, with restricted airspace to provide separation from commercial and civilian air traffic, and "a flat recovery area, free from hills or terrain features that would prevent recovery operations or would damage the capsule by imparting a tumbling action at touchdown."
With such narrow specifications, the Utah sight stood out as the best candidate.
The capsule itself is a small aluminum cone about 3 feet in diameter, 2.5 feet tall and weighing less than 200 pounds. A NASA-developed heat shield material coats the outside to protect the product from heat damage on reentry.
At around 60 miles from the center of the proposed landing area, the capsule approached at an altitude of 148,000 feet above sea level, traveling at Mach 10.5 or around 8,000 miles per hour.
The pod slowed and descended, with an explosion triggering the deployment of an initial parachute when it reached an altitude of 16,400 feet. That parachute open for 8 seconds, pulled the main chute from the pod before two small time-delayed explosives cut the line between the first and main chute.
Once the pod touched down safely, Varda sent helicopters to pick it up, and flew it back to the control center in a hammock-like sling underneath the aircraft. On initial inspection, the capsule did not appear to sustain any damage in the landing.
