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WASHINGTON — U.S. employers slowed hiring last month, but still added a solid 139,000 jobs amid uncertainty over President Donald Trump's trade wars.
Hiring fell from a revised 147,000 in April, the Department of Labor said Friday. The job gains last month were slightly higher than the 130,000 economists had forecast. But revisions shaved 95,000 jobs from March and April payrolls.
The unemployment rate stayed at a low 4.2%.
Health care companies added 62,000 jobs, bars and restaurants 30,000. But the federal government shed 22,000 jobs, the most since November 2020, as Trump's job cuts and hiring freeze had an impact. And factories lost 8,000 jobs last month, a sign, said Glassdoor economist Daniel Zhao, that manufacturers might be cutting back in the face of higher costs arising from Trump's tariffs.
Average hourly wages rose 0.4% from April and 3.9% from a year earlier – a bit higher than forecast.
Trump's aggressive policies — especially his sweeping taxes on imports — have muddied the outlook for the economy and the job market and raised fears that the American economy could be headed toward recession. But so far, the damage hasn't shown up clearly in government economic data.
"Even during peak trade uncertainty, the labor market remained fairly solid," Seema Shah, chief global strategist at Principal Asset Management, wrote in a commentary. "Payrolls are still robust territory and, although there are clearly cracks forming and employment data is likely to show clearer signs of softening toward the end of summer, this is not a labor market that is starting to fall apart at the seams."
Economists expect Trump's policies to take a toll on America's economy, the world's largest. His massive taxes on imports — tariffs — are expected to raise costs for U.S. companies that buy raw materials, equipment and components from overseas and force them to cut back hiring or even lay off workers. Billionaire Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency has slashed federal workers and cancelled government contracts. Trump's crackdown on illegal immigration is expected to make it harder for businesses to find enough workers.
For the most part, though, any damage has yet to show up in the government's economic data.
The U.S. economy and job market have proven surprisingly resilient in recent years. When the inflation fighters at the Federal Reserve raised their benchmark interest rate 11 times in 2022 and 2023, the higher borrowing costs were widely expected to tip the United States into a recession.
Still, the job market has clearly decelerated. So far this year, American employers have added an average of less than 124,000 jobs a month. That is down from 168,000 last year, 216,000 in 2023 and 380,000 in 2022.
And former Fed economist Claudia Sahm warns that the job market of 2025 isn't nearly as durable as two or three years ago when immigrants were pouring into the U.S. job market and employers were posting record job openings.
"Any signs of weakness in the data this week would stoke fears of a recession again," Sahm, now chief economist at New Century Advisors, wrote in a Substack post this week. "It's too soon to see the full effects of tariffs, DOGE, or other policies on the labor market; softening now would suggest less resilience to those later effects, raising the odds of a recession.''
Recent economic reports have sent mixed signals.
The Labor Department reported Tuesday that U.S. job openings rose unexpectedly to 7.4 million in April — seemingly a good sign. But the same report showed that layoffs ticked up and the number of Americans quitting their jobs fell, a sign they were less confident they could find something better elsewhere.
Surveys by the Institute for Supply Management, a trade group of purchasing managers, found that both American manufacturing and services businesses were contracting last month.
And the number of Americans applying for unemployment benefits rose last week to the highest level in eight months.
Jobless claims — a proxy for layoffs — still remain low by historical standards, suggesting that employers are reluctant to cut staff despite uncertainty over Trump's policies. They likely remember how hard it was to bring people back from the massive but short-lived layoffs of the 2020 COVID-19 recession as the U.S. economy bounced back with unexpected strength.
