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Moms concerned about keeping their kids fit and trim may want to encourage an increasingly threatened institution: the healthy family meal. That's true even if family members occasionally fall short of their goal of eating together each day, according to a study published in a recent issue of the journal Obesity Research.
Eating together as a family has long been recommended by nutrition experts.
"I certainly recommend that people eat together at least a few times a week," says Lola O'Rourke, a Seattle dietitian and spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association.
Doing so helps parents teach kids healthy eating habits, she says, and also gives them some control over what their children eat.
The family meal may be more important than ever, experts say, especially in the wake of a government study released earlier this month that found that high-calorie, low-nutrient junk food was readily available in nine out of 10 American schools.
In their study on family dinners, Dr. Abdullah A. Mamun of the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and his colleagues evaluated data on nearly 3,800 children, half girls and half boys, following them from birth to age 14. They found the prevalence of overweight at age 14 was 24.1 percent for the boys and 27.1 percent for the girls.
They also looked at whether or not families ate together regularly, and quizzed mothers on their attitudes toward the family meal. While 79 percent of the mothers said that their family ate together at least once a day, the Australian team found, only 43 percent said that they felt it was important to eat together.
Then the researchers focused on the children of mothers who didn't say that it was important to eat together. According to the study, those children were 30 percent more likely to be overweight by age 14 than were kids born to moms who valued the family meal.
The researchers found no association between the mothers' report of how often the family actually did eat together and the chances of the teen being overweight by age 14, however.
So why might a mother's attitude to family meals matter, even when her family often fails to get together for lunch or dinner?
Researchers speculate that maternal attitudes toward the importance of family meals may reflect a broader respect for good nutrition.
This might extend to practices such as keeping healthy foods in the house or limiting the number of times their children can eat "junk food."
That interpretation makes sense to O'Rourke.
"You would think that people who are more concerned about family meals are also probably more concerned about nutrition," she says.
Mothers who encourage family dinners may also be providing more emotional support to their teens, she adds, or building teens' self-confidence so that they are less likely to turn to food for stress relief.
"In the past we have seen (in research) that a higher incidence of family meals is associated with a better nutrient intake, healthier meals," she says.
Eating together as a family at least a few times a week gives everyone a chance to connect, she says, and "parents have more influence in terms of what is being put on the table."
Parents can also take the opportunity to discuss healthy eating habits and set guidelines for eating at school, where junk food is common. A study released in early September by the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, found that nine out of 10 schools have candy, soda, pizza and other snacks readily available, and that schools are one of the largest sources of unhealthy food for today's children.
The GAO surveyed 656 schools, with 51 percent of the principals responding. Vending machines were available in nearly all high schools and middle schools, but less than half of the elementary schools surveyed. Junk food has become more common in middle schools in the past five years, the survey suggested, and the investigators found that vending-machine foods and junk foods offered in a-la-carte lines in school cafeterias are crowding out healthier choices.
The result? Obesity among children and teens has more than doubled in the past three decades, according to experts at the Institute of Medicine.
Parents can set guidelines for making good choices at school, however.
"Don't tell them they absolutely can't have pizza or whatever it is," O'Rourke says. "Saying 'No, you can't have it at all' will backfire."
Rather, she suggests asking them to limit foods such as pizza to once a week or so at school.
Another good idea, O'Rourke says, is to "create these foods at home in healthier versions, such as pizza with less cheese, using whole-wheat crust and more veggies as toppings."
c.2005 HealthDay News
